Amandla okukhiqiza amagilavu ​​alahlwayo ashintshelwe e-China

Njengoba lolu bhubhane selulethe ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kokuphepha kanye nezinguquko emikhubeni yokuphila, ezinye izimboni ezingajwayelekile zingena kancane kancane emehlweni omphakathi, ikakhulukazi abatshalizimali. Imboni yamagilavu ​​okuvikela alahlwayo ingenye yazo, yake yaba semakethe yemali. Ukushisa kuphezulu.

Esimeni sokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kanye nokujwayelekile kokuvikela nokulawula ubhubhane, ukwanda kwesidingo esizwela isikhathi kanye nesidingo esivamile sesikhathi esizayo esibangelwa yikho kuletha izinguquko ezinkulu embonini yamagilavu ​​alahlwayo emhlabeni jikelele. Yiziphi izinguquko imboni yamagilavu ​​alahlwayo ehamba kuzo? Kuyoba malini ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke esikhathini esizayo? Iphi indlela yesikhathi esizayo yokutshalwa kwezimali kwemboni yamagilavu ​​alahlwayo emkhakheni wezokwelapha?

1

Izidingo zamagilavu

Kakhulu kunangaphambi kokugqashuka

Ngo-2020, imboni yasekhaya yamagilavu ​​alahlwayo yenza inganekwane yokwanda kokusebenza ngesikhathi sodlame, futhi abahlinzeki abaningi bamagilavu ​​alahlwayo basekhaya benza imali eningi. Leli zinga eliphezulu lokuchuma laqhubeka kwaze kwaba kulo nyaka. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021, phakathi kwezinkampani zemithi nemishini yezokwelapha ezingama-380 A-share, isamba senzuzo eyi-11 yeqe ibhiliyoni elingu-yuan. Phakathi kwabo, i-Intech Medical, umholi embonini yamagilavu ​​alahlwayo, igqame nakakhulu, izuza inzuzo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.736 zamayuan, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-2791.66%.

Ngemuva kokuqubuka kobhubhane olusha lwenyumoniya, isidingo somhlaba wonke samagilavu ​​alahlwayo siyanda. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-General Administration of Customs of China, ivolumu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwamagilavu ​​​​alahlwayo ngo-2020 izokhuphuka isuka ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10.1 ngenyanga ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane iye ezigidini ezingama-46.2 ngenyanga (ngoNovemba wonyaka ofanayo), nokukhuphuka cishe izikhathi ezi-3.6.

Kulo nyaka, njengoba ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke luqhubeka futhi kuvela izifo eziguquguqukayo, isibalo sezifo senyuke sisuka ezigidini eziyi-100 ekuqaleni konyaka safinyelela ezigidini ezingama-200 ezinyangeni ezingaphezu kwezi-6. Ngokwezibalo zeWorld Health Organisation, kusukela ngo-Agasti 6, 2021, inani elihlanganisiwe lamacala amasha e-coronary pneumonia emhlabeni selidlule uphawu lwezigidi ezingama-200, elilingana nomuntu oyedwa kwabangama-39 emhlabeni abangenwe yizifo ezintsha. inyumoniya yenhliziyo, futhi ingxenye yangempela ingase ibe phezulu. Izinhlobo eziguquguqukayo ezifana neDelta, ezithathelanayo kakhulu, ziza ngamandla futhi sezisabalele emazweni nasezifundeni eziyi-135 ngesikhathi esifushane.

Esimweni sokujwayela kokuvinjelwa nokulawulwa kobhubhane, ukumenyezelwa kwezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezifanele kukhuphule isidingo samagilavu ​​alahlwayo. Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yezempilo Nokuhlela Komndeni yaseChina yakhipha "Iziqondiso Zobuchwepheshe Zokuvimbela Nokulawulwa Kwe-Novel Coronavirus Infection Ezikhungweni Zezokwelapha (Uhlelo Lokuqala)" ngoMasingana walo nyaka, idinga ukuthi izisebenzi zezokwelapha zigqoke amagilavu ​​alahlwayo lapho kudingekile; Umnyango Wezohwebo ukhiphe Iziqondiso Zokusebenza zokuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane: Abantu abasebenza ezitolo ezinkulu, ezitolo ezinkulu noma ezimakethe zemikhiqizo yezolimo kufanele bagqoke imaski namagilavu ​​lapho beletha izinto kumakhasimende...

Idatha efanelekile ibonisa ukuthi ngokushintsha kancane kancane kokuqwashisa komphakathi ngokuvikelwa kwezempilo nezindlela zokuphila, isidingo samagilavu ​​alahlwayo nsuku zonke siyakhula. Isidingo semakethe yamagilavu ​​alahlwayo kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ku-1,285.1 billion ngo-2025, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esiyi-15.9% kusuka ngo-2019 kuya ku-2025, esidlula kakhulu izinga lokukhula okuhlanganisiwe lika-8.2% kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2019 eminyakeni engaphambi kokugqashuka.

Ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okuphila kanye namazinga emali engenayo yabantu emazweni athuthukile, kanye nemithethonqubo yezempilo yomphakathi eqinile, ngo-2018, ukuthatha i-United States njengesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye kwamagilavu ​​alahlwayo ezweni sekufinyelele izingcezu ezingama-250/umuntu/ unyaka; ngaleso sikhathi, i-China kanye Ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye kwamagilavu ​​ocansi yizingcezu eziyisi-6/umuntu/unyaka. Ngo-2020, ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane, ukusetshenziswa kwamagilavu ​​alahlwayo emhlabeni kuzokhuphuka kakhulu. Ngokubhekiselwa kudatha yocwaningo lwemboni ebheke phambili, ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye kwamagilavu ​​alahlwayo e-United States kungapheya engama-300/umuntu/unyaka, futhi ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye kwamagilavu ​​alahlwayo e-China ngamapheya ayi-9/umuntu. /Unyaka.

Abangaphakathi embonini baveze ukuthi njengoba umnotho udlondlobala, ukukhula kwesibalo sabantu kanye nokuqwashisa okukhulayo ngokuvikelwa kwezempilo, amazwe asathuthuka kulindeleke ukuthi abone ukukhula okuthuthukayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamagilavu ​​esikhathini esifushane kuya esimaphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, isidingo somhlaba wonke samagilavu ​​alahlwayo asekude nokufinyelela ophahleni, futhi sisekhona indawo enkulu yokukhula esikhathini esizayo.

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Amandla okukhiqiza amagilavu

Ukudluliselwa kusuka eSoutheast Asia kuya eChina

Intatheli yacubungula imininingwane yomphakathi futhi yathola ukuthi ngokombono wokusabalalisa imboni, abahlinzeki bomhlaba abavelele bamagilavu ​​alahlwayo bagxile eMalaysia naseChina, njenge-Top Gloves, Intech Medical, He Tejia, High Yield Qipin, Blue Sail Medical, njll. .

Esikhathini esedlule, abakhiqizi abakhulu bamagilavu ​​e-latex namagilavu ​​e-nitrile babegxilwe eMalaysia, futhi abahlinzeki bamagilavu ​​e-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride) base-China. Eminyakeni yakamuva, njengoba uchungechunge lwemboni ye-petrochemical yezwe lami luvuthwa, amandla okukhiqiza amagilavu ​​e-nitrile abonise ukushintsha kancane kancane ukusuka eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ukuya e-China. Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, ukwakhiwa komugqa wokukhiqiza amagilavu ​​alahlwayo kunzima futhi kunomjikelezo omude. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamagilavu ​​e-PVC alahlwayo sithatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-9. Olayini wokukhiqiza amagilavu ​​e-nitrile alahlwayo onomkhawulo ophakeme wezobuchwepheshe, ukutshalwa kwezimali kulayini owodwa wokukhiqiza kuzodlula ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-20, futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza wesigaba sokuqala umude njengezinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-18. Isizinda sokukhiqiza esikhulu kufanele sitshale okungenani izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi eziyi-10, ngayinye ibe nemigqa yokukhiqiza eyi-8-10. Kuzothatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 ukuze sonke isisekelo siqedwe futhi siqale ukusebenza. Uma kubhekwa izindleko zomugqa wokukhiqiza we-PVC, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele kudinga okungenani amabhiliyoni ayi-1.7 kuya ku-2.1 billion. I-RMB.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lalolu bhubhane, kuba nzima kakhulu kubahlinzeki baseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile kwamagilavu ​​alahlwayo emigqeni yabo yokukhiqiza. Ukwehla kwamandla okukhiqiza kwesikhathi esifushane nesimaphakathi akunakugwenywa, futhi igebe lesidingo sezimakethe zomhlaba liyakhula. Ngakho-ke, abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi amagilavu ​​e-nitrile alahlwayo e-China azovala lesi sikhala sokuhlinzekwa, futhi inzuzo yabahlinzeki bamagilavu ​​e-nitrile basekhaya izosekelwa isikhathi esithile.

Ngokombono wabakhiqizi basekhaya bamagilavu ​​alahlwayo, umfutho wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla eminyakeni emibili edlule uqhubekile nokukhuphuka. Uma sibheka isimo samanje sokuthuthukisa, phakathi kwezinkampani ezihamba phambili zasekhaya zamathrekhi alahlwayo, i-Intech Medical ingumkhiqizi otshala imali enkulu embonini yomhlaba wonke. Le nkampani inezisekelo ezintathu zokukhiqiza amagilavu ​​eZibo, Qingzhou naseHuaibei ezweni lonke. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, ephendula imibuzo mayelana nokuthi amandla okukhiqiza e-Intech Healthcare akhula ngokushesha kakhulu, uLiu Fangyi, usihlalo wenkampani, wake wathi “umthamo wokukhiqiza wezinga eliphezulu ngeke udlulele. Ngokombono wamanje, ngokwethulwa okuzinzile kwamandla okukhiqiza, i-Intech Medical inethuba lokubamba isabelo semakethe esikhathini esizayo. I-Southwest Securities Research Report ikhombisa ukuthi ngekota yesibili ka-2022, amandla okukhiqiza ngonyaka wamagilavu ​​alahlwayo e-Intech Medical azofinyelela ku-120 bhiliyoni, okuyisilinganiso esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.3 umthamo wamanje wokukhiqiza wonyaka. "Imali yangempela" ekhiqizwa phakathi nalolu bhubhane isibe isisekelo sezimali senkampani ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqaliswa okushelelayo kwephrojekthi yokuthuthukisa amakhono.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokombiko wonyaka ka-Ingram Medical ka-2020, imali ephumayo yenkampani evela emisebenzini yokusebenza yayingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.590, kuyilapho izimali zezimali zaziphezulu njengezigidigidi ezingu-5.009 zamayuan; embikweni wekota walo nyaka, imali ephumayo yenkampani evela emisebenzini yokusebenza ibe ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.075. I-Yuan, ukukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka izikhathi eziyishumi, phakathi nesikhathi sokubika, izimali zezimali zaziphakeme zafinyelela ku-7.086 billion yuan, okuwukunyuka izikhathi ezingu-8.6 esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.

3

Isihluthulelo senzuzo

Bheka ikhono lokulawula izindleko

Ikhono lokulawula izindleko lingenye yezinto eziyinhloko ezinquma inzuzo yesikhathi esizayo yezinkampani zamagilavu ​​alahlwayo. Abangaphakathi embonini baveze ukuthi endabeni yezindleko zemboni yamagilavu ​​alahlwayo, izinto ezimbili zokuqala ezenza ingxenye enkulu yizindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nezindleko zamandla.

Idatha yomphakathi ikhombisa ukuthi phakathi kwezinkampani ezitshala imali ezimbonini zamagilavu ​​embonini, yi-Ingram Medical kanye neBlue Sail Medical kuphela abanohlelo lokuhlanganisa lokutshala imali. Ngenxa yomkhawulo oqinile wokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokubuyekezwa kwamandla kwezitshalo zamandla ashisayo, ngo-2020, i-Intech Medical yamemezela ukuthi izotshala imali kumaphrojekthi ahlangene wokushisa namandla e-Huaining nase-Linxiang. Umthamo wokukhiqiza wonyaka ohleliwe we-80 billion we-nitrile butyronitrile uzoba ukulawulwa kwezindleko zemboni. Umthamo onamandla kakhulu. I-Ingram Medical yake yasho engosini yokusebenzelana yabatshalizimali ukuthi mayelana nokulawulwa kwezindleko, i-Ingram Medical isifinyelele ezingeni elingcono kakhulu emhlabeni embonini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ingram Medical ikhiphe isimemezelo ngo-Ephreli kulo nyaka sokuthi inkampani izuze imali yokusebenza engama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-6.734 ngekota yokuqala ka-2021, okuwukunyuka ngo-770.86% unyaka nonyaka, kanye nesamba senzuzo yama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.736, okuthe ingcono kunemidondoshiya emibili yamagilavu ​​aphezulu eMalaysia naseHetejia. Nweba isabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke.

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi i-Intco Medical isebenzela amakhasimende angaba ngu-10,000 emazweni angaphezu kuka-120 nasezifundeni emhlabeni jikelele; Imikhiqizo yenkampani "Intco" kanye "Basic" zizisungule ngempumelelo ezimakethe zezwekazi ezinhlanu. Njengamanje, amandla okukhiqiza aminyaka yonke wamagilavu ​​okuvikela alahlwayo asondele ku-10% wokusetshenziswa konyaka emhlabeni jikelele. Ngalesi sisekelo, amaphrojekthi enkampani mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko zethulwe futhi zaqhubeka kahle.

Abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi uma iqhathaniswa neMalaysia, imboni yamagilavu ​​alahlwayo yaseChina inezinzuzo zesistimu ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, amandla, umhlaba nezinye izici. Ngokuzayo, inkambiso yokudluliselwa kwezimboni eChina isobala. Abakhiqizi basekhaya babhekene namathuba amakhulu okuthuthukisa, futhi isimo sokuncintisana sizoshintsha. Ngaso leso sikhathi, abangaphakathi embonini baphinde baveza ukuthi iminyaka emihlanu ezayo izoba yisikhathi esibucayi ukuze amandla okukhiqiza amagilavu ​​aseShayina alahlwe ukusheshisa ukuthunyelwa kwawo olwandle futhi kugcwalise isidingo sasekhaya. Ngemuva kokuqhuma okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwezinkampani eziholayo embonini, imboni yamagilavu ​​alahlwayo yasekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi ishintshe amagiya futhi ingene "kwijika lokukhula" lesikhathi eside neliqinile.